Comparison of Frontal and Rear-end Impacts for Car Occupants with Whiplash-associated Disorders: Symptoms and Clinical Findings
نویسندگان
چکیده
Rear-end impacts caused worse initial symptoms and specific clinical findings, not clearly distinguished from those occurring after frontal impacts. WAD III injuries, retro-orbital pain, and isolated contra-directional pro-/retraction pain occurred more frequently after rear-end impacts, indicating the importance of shear loads and craniocervical junction vulnerability. Head inward rotation during rearend impacts caused a more restricted mobility in the same direction at the primary examination than did outward rotation, indicating a possible influence from the shoulder part of the seat belt. The oneyear outcome was mainly influenced by individual factors and less by the impact characteristics.
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